An International Comparative Analysis of Strategic Indicators for the Development of Türki̇ye S Innovation Capacity

This study provides a comprehensive analysis of Türkiye’s innovation capacity by tracing its historical evolution through five-year development plans and assessing its position within the global innovation ecosystem. Focusing on key indicators such as R&D investments, the role of the private sector, the quality of advanced scientific outputs, researcher density, and international collaborations, the research draws on panel data from GII, OECD, UNESCO, TurkStat, and Scopus. The findings reveal notable progress in Türkiye’s innovation landscape—particularly in creative outputs and private R&D spending—yet highlight persistent challenges in the impact and visibility of scientific publications. The study concludes with strategic policy recommendations to enhance Türkiye’s innovation performance, emphasizing inclusive, interdisciplinary and globally integrated research and development efforts.