Effect of Totoaba macdonaldi Swim Bladder Collagen Hydrolysates on Breast Cancer Cells and Human Dermal Fibroblasts

The search for bioactive peptides with therapeutic properties has promoted the use of marine byproducts as collagen sources. This study evaluated the effect of collagen hy-drolysates (CH) obtained from the swim bladder (SB) of Totoaba macdonaldi on breast cancer cells (MCF-7) and human dermal fibroblasts (CRL-1474), considering the need for less invasive and less toxic treatment alternatives. Two pretreatment methods for the SB were compared: (1) NaOH and butanol (SBPT), and (2) hexane (SBDF). The pretreated tissues underwent direct enzymatic hydrolysis using bromelain. The resulting hydrolysates were characterized by SDS-PAGE, Raman spectroscopy, and chromatographic profiling. Both pretreatments preserved the structure of type I collagen. Bromelain hydrolysis was efficient, yielding peptides with molecular weights below 20 kDa for CH-SBPT and below 10 kDa for CH-SBDF. CH-SBDF showed greater hydrophilicity and significantly reduced MCF-7 cell viability, particularly at 20 mg/mL, with a clear dose-response relationship. In CRL-1474 fibroblasts, CH-SBDF stimulated cell proliferation, while CH-SBPT had neutral effects. Hexane pretreatment is a viable alternative to NaOH, reducing processing steps without compromising yield or bioactivity. CH derived from Totoaba macdonaldi exhibit promising anticancer and regenerative properties, suggesting potential biomedical ap-plications. Further research is needed to isolate active peptides and elucidate their mechanisms of action.