Oral Inflammation and Chronic Heart Failure Is there a Risk Association

Periodontal disease (PD), a chronic oral inflammatory condition, has been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), including complications such as heart failure (HF). Patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) have a higher prevalence of PD, and conversely, individuals with PD are at increased risk of CAD, myocardial infarction, and stroke. HF and PD share common risk factors, such as smoking, diabetes mellitus, alcohol consumption, hypertension, and low socioeconomic status. Chronic inflammation is the primary aetiology for chronic HF regardless of its underlying cause. Increased oral inflammation caused by periodontitis exacerbates systemic inflammatory burden, thereby predisposing individuals to a higher risk of CAD and HF.