This review highlights GLP-1's impact on feeding behavior and glucose homeostasis in hypothalamic circuits, suggesting therapeutic avenues for obesity.
Hypothalamic nuclei, including the arcuate nucleus (ARC), the paraventricular hypothalamic area (PVH), and the dorsomedial hypothalamus (DMH), integrate glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) signals to regulate feeding behavior, body weight, and glucose homeostasis. Recent advances have revealed that both endogenous GLP-1, produced by preproglucagon (PPG) neurons in the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS), and pharmacological GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) engage distinct and overlapping hypothalamic circuits. However, the mechanisms underlying these effects involve circuit redundancy, diverse modes of signal integration, and context-dependent actions of different GLP-1R ligands. In this review, we propose a conceptual framework highlighting opportunities for future research and the therapeutic potential of targeting central GLP-1 pathways for obesity treatment.
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Hwang et al. (2025) studied this question.
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