Methods of urban heritage regeneration by means of integrated landscaping. Part 2. Protected type of urban heritage – historical districts

In the continuation of the article dedicated to methods of urban heritage regeneration by landscaping, a special type of historical and cultural heritage, which today is not singled out as an object of urban heritage in the legislation on the cultural heritage protection and regulatory documents is considered in details. In the regulatory documents of the USSR Ministry of Culture, the historical quarter was considered as an independent protected object or a part of historical and cultural protected area (place). Historical centers, districts, squares, streets, memorable places, historical and cultural landscapes and ancient cities cultural layers are receiving the status of historical and cultural protected areas (places) of state or regional significance, therefore”strict” regulation for urban development and economic use. Unfortunately, special requirements for landscaping were not regulated excluding requirements for park restoration. Based on the analysis of theory, regulatory and methodological documents and practice, the necessity of updating the historical quarter allocation as an cultural heritage object is substantiated. This is especially important for the systematic regeneration of historical urban areas by planning, landscape and technical methods of improvement. The characteristic urban planning features of Moscow’s historical districts, as an object of urban heritage, which can be “protected,” as well as how the methodology of landscaping should be changed along with changes in land owning as well as the emergence of many owners of multi-apartment building plots, which have received not only rights but also responsibilities, are considered. Land owners should be responsible for landscaping in compliance with the requirements the preservation of the heritage and the environment architectural and urban appearance established for the protected area (place) or district with strict regulation of urban development activities.