Justification of design parameters and operating modes of a device for threshing seeds of grain legumes

In modern agriculture, optimization of threshing of leguminous crop seeds is becoming an increasingly important topic. The question is how to improve the threshing process to increase yields and improve seed quality. Legumes such as peas and soybeans play an important role, as they not only provide food security, but also improve soil structure due to their ability to accumulate nitrogen. Optimization of threshing implies the use of modern technologies and methods that allow for the most efficient extraction of seeds from beans. This includes the selection of threshing times, the use of specialized equipment and compliance with technologies that minimize seed losses. This paper provides a rationale for the design parameters of a threshing and separating device for differentiated threshing of leguminous crops and also defines some rational operating modes of the axial rotor when separating pea and soybean seeds that meet agrotechnical requirements. Based on the results of theoretical and experimental studies using the principle of reverse motion, rational ratios of the rotation frequencies of the rotor and its planetary rollers of the threshing and separating device have been determined, which corresponds to the optimal speed of threshing seeds with the least damage, in the range of 13.1...20.0 m/s for peas, 13.5...21.5 m/s for soybeans. The use of the proposed device allows for differentiated threshing and separation of leguminous crop seeds (peas and soybeans), ensuring a reduction in crushing to 0.68 % when threshing peas and 1.29% when threshing soybeans, with a simultaneous reduction in seed damage, respectively, that is, threshing seeds with increased sowing and yield qualities. The improvement of the quality indicators of the seeds released during threshing is also accompanied by a decrease in the specific energy intensity of the technological process, equal to 4.86 and 6.09 kJ/kg for peas and soybeans, respectively.