What type of study is this?

This is a Monte Carlo simulation study.

September 10, 2025AIP AdvancesOpen Access

Non-conservative and electronic excitation rates of CO2 in DC electric field

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Monte Carlo simulations reveal electronic excitation rates during CO2 collisions in an electric field, suggesting non-equilibrium effects.

Rate coefficients for CO2 molecule ion formation and electronic excitations were calculated under an electric field.
Rate calculations were based on cross-section integration for electron collisions across varying electric field strengths.
Monte Carlo simulation method was utilized to derive non-equilibrium electron energy distribution functions in CO2.
Results indicate significant variations in excitation rates depending on the reduced electric field value.

Mališ et al. (2025) studied this question.

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Monte Carlo simulations reveal electronic excitation rates during CO2 collisions in an electric field, suggesting non-equilibrium effects.