Current treatment strategies for obesity: pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches

Obesity is a complex, chronic, relapsing, and progressive metabolic disease marked by abnormal or excessive adipose tissue accumulation that presents significant risks to health and longevity. Once underestimated, obesity has now reached epidemic proportions globally, with the World Health Organization estimating over 650 million adults affected. It is a major contributor to the development of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), cardiovascular disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), certain cancers, and osteoarticular disorders, and is associated with increased all-cause mortality.