This paper systematically reviews and analyzes various energy management strategies, as well as the characteristics, core challenges, and general processes of energy management for hybrid vehicles, aircraft, and ships. It also Analyzes the application scenarios, advantages, and limitations of rule-based energy management strategies. Based on the characteristics, design challenges, and general processes of optimized energy management strategies, a comparative analysis was conducted of mainstream strategies such as dynamic programming algorithms, Pontryagin’s minimum principle, equivalent energy consumption minimization, and multi-objective prediction. The focus was on analyzing intelligent control energy management strategies, including hybrid power system energy management strategies and their control effects based on neural network control, adaptive dynamic programming, reinforcement learning, and deep reinforcement learning. Finally, this paper addresses the challenges in applying energy management strategies, the limitations of modeling approaches, the validation of their effectiveness, and future research directions.
Feng et al. (Mon,) studied this question.