Multinational enterprises in global value chains using MCA approach: mapping the field and future research

Purpose This study reviews the literature on multinational enterprises (MNEs) within global value chains (GVCs), aiming to enhance understanding of MNEs’ roles, identify key themes, theoretical approaches and propose a research agenda. Design/methodology/approach Utilizing a systematic literature review and multiple correspondence analysis (MCA), the study categorizes key themes across 202 articles published between 2004 and 2024. Findings The review highlights the transformation of MNEs’ strategic governance approaches and identifies four key thematic poles: “Upgrading and Competitiveness,” “Advanced Strategies and Innovation,” “Global Clusters Network and Cultural Influences,” and “Strategic Location Choice and Disruptive Technologies,” emphasizing digital transformation, regional complexities and competitive upgrading within GVCs. Research limitations/implications The focus on English articles and high-impact journals may exclude some relevant literature, and the concentration on certain sectors may not fully represent diverse MNE contexts. The review integrates internalization theory, resource-based view, dynamic capabilities and institutional theory, highlighting technological innovation and institutional influences. Practical implications The findings offer insights for MNEs to improve strategic location choices, leverage emerging technologies and enhance competitiveness. Policymakers can design supportive policies promoting economic integration and innovation. Social implications The study underscores the importance of corporate social responsibility and sustainability practices within GVCs, highlighting the role of digital technologies in improving transparency and effectiveness. It calls for robust governance mechanisms to address environmental impact and working conditions. Originality/value This study maps the intellectual structure of research on MNEs in GVCs, offering insights into regionalization, digitalization and governance, and proposes a research agenda addressing critical gaps.