Application of the multi-criteria TOPSIS method for the allocation of slots to aircraft

<ns3:p>In air traffic, we encounter the problem of airport congestion and limited availability of slots, i.e., time intervals in which air operations are performed. The increase in air traffic intensity, especially at large airports, results in the need to implement modern and effective methods supporting the decision-making process in allocating slots to aircraft. Classic slot allocation methods often do not consider the full spectrum of factors influencing this process, such as the environmental impact of air operations and many other aspects. The article presents the possibility of using the multi-criteria decision support method TOPSIS (Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) to optimize the allocation of slots to aircraft. The study's main objective was to develop a model that considers various decision criteria and allows for ranking individual flight operations based on their compliance with the ideal solution model. As part of the research, a literature review was conducted, identifying key criteria from the point of view of airport slot management. The proposed criteria are of significant importance for the process of allocating slots to aircraft. Based on the available data, slots were allocated to aircraft, confirming the practical application of the method. The results of the TOPSIS analysis allowed for the ranking of nine aircraft (S1–S9) according to their compliance with the ideal solution, assuming four decision criteria: fuel consumption, noise emissions, taxiing time, and passenger comfort. The obtained results confirmed that the use of the TOPSIS method allows for a more objective and transparent allocation of slots, taking into account various technical, economic, and environmental aspects. This method allows for dynamic adjustment of the criteria weights depending on the airport's current operational and strategic needs. The TOPSIS method effectively supports the decision-making process in allocating slots to aircraft. Using this method can contribute to increasing the operational efficiency of airports, improving the quality of services for carriers, and the sustainable development of air transport.</ns3:p>