High-Resolution Genetic Profiling of Hb J-Meerut and Other Hemoglobin Variants in the Tharu Population via HPLC and DNA Sequencing

Background/Objectives: Hemoglobinopathies, including thalassemia and sickle cell disease, are among the most common inherited disorders worldwide. This study aimed to profile hemoglobin variants in the Tharu community of Lakhimpur Kheri, Uttar Pradesh, with particular focus on the rare variant Hb J-Meerut [α 120 (H3) Ala→Glu (α1)]. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted during a community health camp in February 2024. Peripheral blood samples were collected from 505 individuals, of which 445 were analyzed using complete blood count (CBC) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Suspected variants were confirmed by Sanger sequencing. Results: Hemoglobinopathies were identified in nearly one-fifth of participants. The major variants detected were sickle cell trait, β-thalassemia trait, and Hb J-Meerut. Sequencing confirmed Hb J-Meerut in the majority of suspected cases. HPLC profiles showed clear differences between groups, supporting its role as a reliable screening tool. Conclusions: Community-based screening combining HPLC and sequencing provides an effective approach for identifying both common and rare hemoglobin variants. Early detection of silent carriers such as Hb J-Meerut is essential for targeted genetic counseling and preventive strategies in high-risk populations.