The effect of vitamin K1 and vitamin K2 on mortality rate and disease severity in COVID-19 patients: An observational study

Background/Aim: Vitamin K is vital for numerous physiological functions, particularly in coagulation and inflammation. This research investigates the relationship between VK1 and VK2 levels and the severity and mortality of COVID-19 Methods: This prospective study analyzed VK1 and VK2 levels using ELISA in 165 hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Statistical analyses, including logistic regression, were performed to evaluate associations with clinical outcomes, including ICU admission and mortality. Results: VK2 levels were significantly higher in patients with severe disease (P<0.01) and deceased patients (P<0.05). Logistic regression identified CT severity and VK1 levels as risk factors for ICU admission and mortality, with odds ratios of 10.65 and 6.43, respectively. Conclusion Elevated VK2 levels correlated with severe COVID-19 outcomes, suggesting a potential role as a biomarker for disease severity and risk of mortality. These findings underscore the potential clinical utility of VK2 as a biomarker for disease severity and prognosis.