Therapeutic Plasma Exchange in Intensive Care Units—A 5-Year Multicenter Retrospective Study

(1). Background: Therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) is a method of extracorporeal plasma filtration designed to remove immunoglobulins and pro-inflammatory factors as pathogenesis of numerous diseases. Procedures are performed in intensive care units (ICUs); however, the complications and treatment outcomes remain unclear. The aim of the study was to evaluate clinical outcomes and identify risk factors of complications associated with TPE. (2). Methods: In this multi-center, retrospective, 5-year cohort study, we analyzed a database of 56 adult ICU patients who had undergone TPE at two academic hospitals and one regional hospital. (3). Results: In our study, the median APACHE II was 7.5 IQR 12.5 (4–16.5) and SOFA score was 2 IQR 4 (1–5). In the multivariate analysis, the APACHE II (p = 0.043) and SOFA score (p = 0.046) were the predictors of prolonged length of stay. The SOFA score was a predictor of hospital-acquired infection (HAI) (p = 0.011). Multivariate logistic regression revealed age (p = 0.011), SOFA (p = 0.011), and APACHE II score (p = 0.032) as independent predictors of the development of shock as a TPE complication. (4). Conclusions: Our results suggest that the SOFA and APACHE II scores are significant predictors of the length of hospitalization and the occurrence of shock. In addition, the SOFA score was a predictor of HAI in patients treated TPE in ICU.