Synergistic Effects of Amino Acid Combination in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats: Amelioration of Hyperglycemia, Hematological Aberrations, and Pancreatic Damage

Background: This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic potential of an amino acid combination (AAC) comprising gamma-aminobutyric acid, β-alanine, glutamine, and ethanolamine-O-sulfate for synergistic effects in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Methods and Results: The experiments were conducted on albino male rats, divided into three groups: control rats, streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats, and diabetic rats treated with AAC. Fasting blood glucose levels and hematological parameters were monitored. Morphological analysis of blood smears and histopathological examination of the pancreas were performed using histological (Hematoxylin and Eosin, Giemsa staining) methods. AAC treatment significantly reduced fasting blood glucose levels and improved hematological parameters, including red and white blood cell counts, which were initially decreased due to STZ-induced diabetes. AAC treatment mitigated the erythrocyte abnormalities observed in diabetic rats. Histopathological examination of the pancreas revealed that AAC partially restored the structural integrity of its tissue, resulting in a slight increase in the size and number of shrunken islets of Langerhans. Conclusions: AAC exerts a synergistic effect, improving glycemic control, ameliorating hematological aberrations, and promoting partial regeneration of pancreatic islets in T1DM rats. This study highlights the potential of AAC as a therapeutic agent for managing T1DM and its associated complications.