Cesarean scar pregnancy with molar pregnancy: A case report and literature review

Rationale: Cesarean scar pregnancy with molar pregnancy is a rare but high-risk pregnancy complication characterized by the implantation of a fertilized egg in the uterine scar following cesarean section, accompanied by pathological manifestations of a hydatidiform mole. This paper reports a clinical case of hydatidiform mole in a cesarean scar and reviews the literature to understand its diagnosis and treatment strategies. Patient concerns: We reported a 33-year-old woman who presented to our hospital with intermittent vaginal bleeding for over 2 months following uterine curettage. Diagnoses: Transvaginal ultrasonography, serum human chorionic gonadotropin, pelvic magnetic resonance imaging, and histological examination confirmed the disease. Interventions: The patient underwent bilateral uterine arterial embolization, suction evacuation, and transabdominal surgery. Outcomes: Postoperative histological examination of the tissue revealed hydatidiform moles. Lessons: Molar pregnancy in the cesarean scar is difficult to differentiate from normal cesarean scar pregnancy with serum human chorionic gonadotropin, sonogram, or magnetic resonance imaging. This case demonstrates the diagnosis and treatment strategy for cesarean scar pregnancy with molar pregnancy.