Measuring Peer Influences on Supporting and Thwarting Needs and Their Influence on Student Resilience, Grit, Engagement, and Motivation in Physical Education

Purpose : Classmates allow for the development of critical thinking, active listening, and participation as well as the socioaffective development of the student. Therefore, the present study aims to adapt and test the factorial structure of the Interpersonal Behaviors Questionnaire (IBQ) to assess student perceptions of the interpersonal behaviors of their peers. In addition, we aim to analyze its association with engagement, grit, resilience, and intrinsic motivation. For this study, the IBQ was used to evaluate the perception of support and frustration from peers. In addition, additional measures were used to assess engagement, grit, resilience, and intrinsic motivation. Method : The participants ( N = 1,439) were aged between 12 and 19 years. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted as well as multiple regression analysis to examine how IBQ scale factors relate to engagement, grit, resilience, and intrinsic motivation. Results : The results showed a positive association between perceived peer support and engagement, grit, resilience, and intrinsic motivation, whereas frustration was negatively related to them. Discussion : These findings highlight the importance of peer support in adolescent development and motivation toward physical education. Likewise, the need to promote positive interactions among peers to foster well-being and participation in sports, as well as commitment and resilience in other areas of adolescent life, is emphasized.