Cluster analysis reveals R&D impacts eco-innovation performance in EU countries, highlighting policy gaps.
In today’s business environment, research and development (R&D) and eco-innovation are crucial in determining success on micro and macro levels. This study aims to analyze the significance of R&D for achieving some eco-innovation performance (eco-innovation inputs, eco-innovation activities, eco-innovation outputs) of the EU countries evaluated by the Eco-Innovation Index. Data from the Eco-Innovation Scoreboard is utilized to investigate the average value of eco-innovation performance among EU member states throughout two periods of time 2013-2017 and 2018-2022. Authors have used two-step cluster analysis for grouping similar EU27 countries and gathering outcomes that precisely depict the EU members’ migration among R&D-oriented clusters. The highest indicators’ values in the first period (2013-2017), whereas the lowest share, has the cluster consisting of Denmark, Finland and Sweden. In the second period, the most R&D dominant cluster comprises the same countries as in the first one, including Germany. Other countries such as Bulgaria, have lost their position in the second analyzed period and should put more stress on the R&D policy improvement.
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Janjić et al. (2024) studied this question.
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