Evaluation of Nephroprotective Activity of Maghz-e-Pambadāna (Kernel of Gossypium herbaceum L.) in Gentamicin-induced Nephrotoxicity

Background: Gentamicin (GM) a widely used aminoglycoside antibiotic, was discovered in 1963 and from 1970s it is used parenterally. It is used to treat Gram-negative infections. The subsequent systemic use causes nephrotoxicity. GM alters the mitochondrial functions, enhancing the production of reactive oxygen species causing oxidative stress in the renal cortex. It also has been found that renal cortical lipid peroxidation,In vivo renal H2 O2 generation and in vivo mitochondria H2 O2 generation are increased in GM-treated rats. Aims: To investigate the nephroprotective effects of Maghze-Pambadāna. Objectives: To evaluate the nephroprotective effect of aqueous methanolic extract (AME) of crushed Maghze-Pambadāna in rats, in gentamicin (GM) induced nephrotoxicity. Materials and Methods: The aqueous methanolic extract (AME) of Maghz-e-Pambadāna, i.e., the kernel of Gossypium herbaceum L. (family: Malvaceae) was investigated for possible nephroprotective effect in rats in gentamicin (GM) induced nephrotoxicity. AME of the kernel of G. herbaceum (560 mg/kg, 840 mg/kg, 1400 mg/kg) was administered orally to rats 4 days before GM treatment, and thereafter, concomitantly with GM (80 mg/kg/day) for another 6 days. Results: The results suggested dose-related amelioration in the indices of nephroprotective activity with all the three doses of extract given. The extract at the three doses used, had no significant adverse effect on the body weight of treated rats or on the measured renal functions in serum. However, the two higher doses, significantly and dose-dependently increased SOD activity and GSH concentration, and decreased that of lipid peroxides in the kidney cortex Conclusion: AME of Maghz-e-Pambadāna, i.e., the kernel of G. herbaceum L. may contain compounds that could potentially ameliorate GM-induced nephrotoxicity in rats.