Physicochemical Characteristics and High-performance Thin-layer Chromatography Fingerprinting of Unani Pharmacopeial Formulation Habb-e-Tabashīr

Background: The standardization and evaluation of Unani formulations are essential for ensuring their quality, safety, and efficacy. Habb-e-Tabashīr is a classical Unani herbal–mineral formulation with therapeutic applications, particularly in fever, hyperacidity, and excessive thirst. This study aims to establish a scientific basis for the formulation through organoleptic, physicochemical, phytochemical, and chromatographic evaluations. Materials and Methods: The raw ingredients of Habb-e-Tabashīr were authenticated and processed as per the National Formulary of Unani Medicine guidelines. The formulation underwent standardization through organoleptic evaluation (color, odor, texture, and taste), physicochemical tests (moisture content, ash values, pH, and extractive values), and phytochemical screening for active constituents. High-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) fingerprinting was conducted to establish a qualitative profile of its constituents. Results: The physicochemical analysis revealed a total ash value of 6.616%, acid-insoluble ash of 5.08%, and a moisture content of 9.5%. The pH was recorded at 7.30. Successive solvent extraction showed extractive values of 0.92% (petroleum ether), 3.14% (chloroform), 5.22% (methanol), and 3.38% (aqueous). HPTLC analysis demonstrated distinct chromatographic fingerprints under ultraviolet light at 254 nm and 366 nm, confirming the presence of bioactive compounds. Conclusion: The comprehensive standardization of Habb-e-Tabashīr ensures its quality, safety, and reproducibility in Unani medicine. The findings provide scientific validation of its formulation and therapeutic claims, supporting its continued use in traditional medicine. Further studies, including pharmacological and clinical evaluations, are recommended to substantiate its efficacy and expand its potential applications.