Case-control study finds higher liver stiffness in diabetes patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, suggesting fibroscan's utility in screening.
Background: Macrovascular and Microvascular complications are well evaluated in type 2 diabetes mellitus, but the liver disease is the most neglected and unevaluated complication among diabetes mellitus (DM) patients. Patients with diabetes have a higher prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) than patients with nondiabetes. The pathology in NAFLD ranges from hepatic steatosis, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), cirrhosis, and primary liver cancer. Liver biopsy is the gold standard for diagnosing NAFLD, but it is fraught with various difficulties and is a risky procedure. Fibroscan is the noninvasive method for assessing liver fibrosis with high reproducibility and accuracy. Objective: To assess the utility of fibroscan as a screening tool to detect the presence of fibrosis of the liver in patients with DM with NAFLD and comparison of severity of liver involvement in NAFLD with diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2) and without DM2 patients. Materials and Methods: In this case–control study, 100 type 2 DM cases with diagnosed NAFLD by previous ultrasonography were included as cases and the control group was taken as 50 NAFLD cases without DM. Anthropometry, blood test, fibroscan were assessed and correlated with liver stiffness severity. Results: The mean age of the case group is 41.79 ± 9.86 years and 40.58 ± 11.3 years for the control group. The mean fasting blood sugar (FBS) value of the case group is 134.70 ± 21.65 and 91.45 ± 10.44 for the control group ( P < 0.01). The mean body mass index (BMI) is higher in the case group (23.32 ± 1.55) than in the control group (18.14 ± 2.01) ( P = 0.01) The fibroscan value, which represents the liver stiffness, is more in the case group (7.98 ± 2.56) than in the control group (6.93 ± 4.03) ( P = 0.03). Thirty-four percent of case subjects and 20% of control subjects had severe liver stiffness (F3 and F4). There is a statistically significant relationship between the FBS, BMI, type of treatment, and liver stiffness. Conclusion: Fibroscan can be beneficial in diagnosing and guiding the remedy of NAFLD. Larger research to assess its efficacy in figuring out a diagnosis of NAFLD is warranted. Early assessment of liver fibrosis by fibroscan, proper sugar, and weight control can prevent advanced liver fibrosis.
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Saluja et al. (2023) studied this question.
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