The origin of the graveyard headstone: some 17th-century examples in Bedfordshire

A group of headstones from Wrestlingworth and Potton, Bedfordshire, belong to the second half of the 17th century. They demonstrate the presence of skilled carvers creating external memorials in a range of styles that can be seen to develop over time, with seven distinct types identified at the two graveyards. The competence in carving, and the range of motifs and letter styles, indicates that external commemoration based around professional carvers was established in this region at least by the time of the Restoration. All the stones are decorated, and the earliest display contemporary domestic motifs. From the 1670s, mortality symbols are introduced, suggesting the application of appropriate symbolism to this type of commission. By the end of the 17th century a well-developed local style with mortality symbols in high relief can be identified, and at this time cherubs make their first appearance."