Performance analysis of buck, boost, and buck-boost converters under variable load conditions

This paper presents a comprehensive performance analysis of three fundamental DC-DC power converter topologies: Buck, Boost, and Buck-Boost converters under variable load conditions. The study examines efficiency characteristics, voltage regulation, transient response, and thermal performance across different loading scenarios. Through detailed circuit analysis and simulation studies, we evaluate the converters' behavior under light load, nominal load, and overload conditions. The research demonstrates that Buck converters maintain superior efficiency at high loads (>85% at 90% load), while Boost converters show better performance under light load conditions. Buck-Boost converters exhibit moderate performance across all load ranges but provide the flexibility of both step-up and step-down voltage conversion. Experimental results validate the theoretical analysis and provide insights for optimal converter selection based on application requirements.