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September 10, 2025Open Access

Dark branches of immortal stars at the Galactic Center

IJIsabelle JohnStockholm University RLRebecca K. LeaneSLAC National Accelerator Laboratory TLTim LindenStockholm University

Key Points

Stars in the inner parsec of the Milky Way are influenced by dark matter, leading to observable changes in their characteristics.
The novel dark Hertzsprung-Russell diagram indicates stars with lower temperatures but similar luminosities compared to the main sequence.
The density of dark matter within these stars allows them to remain stable, addressing various stellar anomalies.
Future telescope observations may identify the dark main sequence, presenting a potential route for dark matter research.

Abstract

We show that stars in the inner parsec of the Milky Way can be significantly affected by dark matter annihilation, producing population-level effects that are visible in a Hertzsprung-Russell (HR) diagram. We establish the dark HR diagram, where stars lie on a new stable with similar luminosities, but lower temperatures, than the standard main sequence. The dark matter density in these stars continuously replenishes, granting these stars immortality and solving multiple stellar anomalies. Upcoming telescopes could detect the dark main sequence, offering a new dark matter discovery avenue.

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