A new quantum private comparison method offers enhanced security against internal and external attacks.
In this paper, a novel quantum private comparison (QPC) of equality is proposed based on GHZ states and Hadamard operations, which transmits the travelling qubits in a one-way manner. The output correctness of this QPC protocol is proven in detail. This QPC protocol possesses the good security towards the external attacks and the internal attacks. This QPC protocol needs none of Pauli operations, rotation operations, quantum entangled state measurements, quantum entanglement swapping, classical error-correcting code or a pre-shared key.
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Rao et al. (2025) studied this question.
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