Pneumothorax in Arthroscopic Shoulder Surgery: A Multifactorial Risk Analysis and Case Report

Arthroscopic shoulder surgery is a procedure associated with significant pain, often requiring effective pain management to prevent prolonged hospitalization. Interscalene brachial plexus blocks, commonly used alongside general anesthesia, can mitigate the need for oral pain medications but carry risks. This case report examines pneumothorax, a potential complication during arthroscopic shoulder surgery, particularly when multiple contributing factors are present. Causes of pneumothorax include interscalene brachial plexus block, shoulder surgery, and pre-existing lung conditions. This report highlights the need for heightened awareness and careful risk management in such cases. Understanding these factors can inform clinical practices, optimize patient outcomes, and guide future research on risk mitigation strategies.