This review demonstrates how DNA methylation and histone modifications impact kidney diseases, suggesting potential biomarkers for therapy.
Epigenetic mechanisms are crucial for regulating biological processes through heritable DNA and protein modifications without altering gene sequences, thereby preventing mutations. In kidney cells, central mechanisms include DNA methylation, changes in chromatin structure, histone modifications, and regulation by non-coding RNAs. Kidney diseases like AKI and CKD involve complex molecular alterations and dysregulation of DNA methylation and histone modifications, resulting in functional impairments and structural damage. This review emphasizes genome-wide profiling of DNA methylation and histone modifications in kidney diseases to identify novel biomarkers and develop targeted therapies. Moreover, investigating epigenomic testing and precision medicine may enhance understanding and improve patient outcomes in nephrology research.
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Suraksha Agrawal (2025) studied this question.
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