This paper finds bijective product k-cordial labeling for graphs, revealing properties for paths, cycles, and bistars.
A bijective product k-cordial labeling f of a graph G with vertex set V and edge set E is a bijection from V to {1,2,…,|V|} such that the induced edge labeling f×:E(G)→Zk={i|0≤i≤k−1} defined as f×(uv)≡f(u)f(v)(modk) for every edge uv∈E satisfies the condition |ef×(i)−ef×(j)|≤1, where i,j∈Zk and ef×(i) is the number of edges labeled with i under f×. A graph which admits a bijective product k-cordial labeling is called a bijective product k-cordial graph. In this paper, we study bijective product π-cordiality for paths and cycles, where π is an odd prime. We determine bijective product π-cordiality for paths and cycles for 3≤π≤13. Also, we establish the bijective product k-cordial labeling of stars. Further, we find the bijective product 4-cordial labeling of bistars and the splitting graphs of stars and bistars.
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Bashammakh et al. (2025) studied this question.
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