What question did this study set out to answer?

The aim is to explore the fractional product cordial labeling behavior in specific types of graphs.

April 18, 2026

FP-cordial labeling of product and corona related graphs

Key Points

The aim is to explore the fractional product cordial labeling behavior in specific types of graphs.
Defined fractional product cordial labeling and its properties.
Investigated different graph types including planar grid, mangolian tent, and double arrow graphs.
Examined labeling behavior and criteria for fractional product cordial graphs.
Identified conditions under which graphs can achieve fractional product cordial labeling.
Demonstrated labeling patterns in several graph types.
Provided examples highlighting the existence of FP-cordial graphs.

Abstract

Let Formula: see text be a Formula: see text graph. Let Formula: see text Let Formula: see text be a bijection.For each edge Formula: see text assign the label Formula: see text.Formula: see text is called a fractional product cordial labeling (simply called FP-cordial labeling) if Formula: see text where Formula: see text and Formula: see text respectively denotes the number of edges labelled with Formula: see text and not labelled with Formula: see text. A graph with a fractional product cordial labeling is called a fractional product cordial graph (Simply FP-cordial graph).In this paper we investigate the fractional product cordial labeling behaviour of planar grid graph, Formula: see text, mangolian tent graph, double arrow graph, Formula: see text, Formula: see text, Formula: see text, Formula: see text and Formula: see text.

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FP-cordial labeling of product and corona related graphs

Key Points

Abstract

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