An Overview of Dialysis Treatment and Its Outcome on Dialysis Patient: A Systematic Literature Review

Dialysis is used to treat renal failure by eliminating harmful chemicals and waste materials that the kidneys would typically eliminate. There are two types of dialysis: hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis. We performed this systemic literature review to provide combined information on the dialysis topic and various factors to be considered during dialysis. We conducted a literature search using Medline, Embase, and PubMed from 2000 through 2024. Specifically, we included articles that provide information on dialysis along with its relevant data parameters. 25 articles met the inclusion criteria for the study and were included for systematic analysis. Survival on synthetic membrane=1.64(95%I:1.10 to 2.45) was better in comparison to cellulose membrane=1.20(95%CI:0.73 to 1.97). Similarly, the instantaneous functional success rate on laparoscopic peritoneal dialysis (97.8%, p=0.014) was better than that of blind peritoneal dialysis. Groups with higher magnesium levels (≥2.77 mg/dl, n=254, p=0.001) compared to lower magnesium levels (<2.77 mg/dl, n=261, p=0.001) have less cardiovascular death. C-reactive protein (chi-square = 21.11, p = 0.0001) predicts cardiovascular death in hemodialysis patients. Duration of catheter 0.0001) was the most common cause of sepsis among dialysis patients, while the most common cause of peritonitis is negative staphylococcus species (11.4%). Hemodialysis technique was the most used method of dialysis in comparison to peritoneal dialysis. Monitoring of serum magnesium level, CRP level, and PTH level; anemia management; and use of different types of dialysis membrane are important factors to be considered to improve the quality of life and reduce mortality among dialysis patients.