Elections and indigenous insurgency in brazil: political participation from 2014 to 2022

In recent years, the Indigenous movement in Brazil has mobilized to contest and occupy institutional spaces of democratic representation, positioning itself as an insurgent force within national politics. This article aims to identify self-declared indigenous candidates in the 2014, 2018, and 2022 general elections and to analyze the underlying factors behind the increase in their candidacies during theses electoral cycles. The study adopts a qualitative, exploratory-descriptive methodology and is structured around seven analytical dimensions, using data from the Open Data Portal of the Brazilian Superior Electoral Court (TSE). The findings point to a growing presence of indigenous candidacies, driven by five interrelated factors: the consolidation of the indigenous movement over the past three decades; improved access to public education policies promoting equity and ethno-racial diversity; the political reconfiguration following the impeachment of President Dilma Rousseff; strategic co-optation by right-wing parties; and the increasing protagonism of indigenous women, particularly evident in the 2022 elections.