Leptomeningeal Metastasis from Cervix Squamous-Cell Carcinoma: A Case Report and Review of Literature

Metastatic spread of uterine cancer is generally infrequent and late, mainly involving lymph nodes, lung, bone and liver. We report the case of a 55-year-old woman who underwent conization for microinvasive cervical cancer in 2005. In 2014, a confirmed local and oligo-metastatic bone relapse of invasive squamous cell carcinoma, treated with radio-chemotherapy and orthopaedic surgery to stabilize the bone lesion, and the patient was placed under surveillance. Two years later, lymph node progression was confirmed, and the patient was put on chemotherapy with targeted therapy. Further progression led to several lines of treatment. In 10/2023, she presented to the emergency room with deteriorating general condition and a clinical syndrome of intracranial hypertension. A brain MRI revealed two cerebral metastatic lesions with signs of leptomeningeal carcinomatosis, which was confirmed by cerebrospinal fluid cytology. The patient was admitted to the intensive care unit, but died five days later after the start of her encephalic radiotherapy. In this article, we present the clinical, histological and therapeutic aspects of this localization, together with a review of the literature.