In light of the rapid expansion of civil aviation, addressing the delays and congestion phenomena in the vicinity of the metroplex caused by the imbalance between air traffic flow and capacity is crucial. This paper first proposes a bilevel optimization model for the collaborative flight sequencing of arrival and departure flights in the metroplex with multiple airports, considering both the runway systems and terminal control area (TMA) entry/exit fixes. Besides, the model is adaptive to various traffic scenarios. The genetic algorithm is employed to solve the proposed model. The Shanghai TMA, located in China, is used as a case study, and it includes two airports, Shanghai Hongqiao International Airport and Shanghai Pudong International Airport. The results demonstrate that the model can reduce arrival delay by 51.52%, departure delay by 18.05%, and the runway occupation time of departure flights by 23.83%. Furthermore, the model utilized in this study significantly enhances flight scheduling efficiency, providing a more efficient solution than the traditional first-come, first-served (FCFS) approach. Additionally, the algorithm employed offers further improvements over the NSGA-II algorithm.
Li et al. (Thu,) studied this question.