Models of Transformation of Higher Education Institutions into Entrepreneurial Universities: Typology, Algorithm, and Strategic Management

The transformation of higher education institutions into entrepreneurial universities is becoming an urgent priority in the context of global competition, technological shifts, and the demand for closer integration between education, science, and the economy. This article presents a comprehensive approach to understanding and guiding such transformation, emphasizing the strategic, methodological, and organizational frameworks necessary for its implementation. The study focuses on the development of a typology of higher education institutions (HEIs) based on their level of entrepreneurial development: traditional universities, nonprofit entrepreneurial universities, and fully entrepreneurial universities. The research uses content analysis, SWOT-analysis, classification, and scenario modeling to formulate a transformation algorithm adapted to each university type. A four-phase transformation model is proposed: environmental diagnostics, strategic planning, implementation, and performance monitoring. The paper outlines specific developmental trajectories for each type of university, including resource allocation, curriculum changes, creation of innovation ecosystems, and internationalization strategies. Results demonstrate that the institutional context, readiness for innovation, and stakeholder engagement significantly influence the pace and success of transformation. The proposed model allows HEIs to transition from a classical academic structure to an entrepreneurial format, strengthening their social and economic impact. The study concludes that a systematic, typology-based approach supported by adaptive governance and strategic partnerships is essential for effective transformation. Furthermore, the framework provides practical guidance for customizing institutional strategies and aligning them with national innovation agendas. Future research may further explore how digitalization and international collaboration accelerate entrepreneurial capacity in higher education.