Theoretical fundamentals of mechanochemical reactions in the solid phase

Chemical reactions in the solid phase are characterized by many specificities. The study of such reactions, with regard to the condensed state, eliminates the need to introduce many approximations that are common when considering reactions in the liquid phase or heterogeneous reactions, other laws, specific and inherent only to the solid state of matter. These make the scientific field of solid-state chemistry far more complex, due to the very strong need for a comprehensive multidisciplinary approach. The basic theoretical principles from the fields of physics, chemistry, physical chemistry and chemical technology are equally important. The article gives an example of mechanochemical synthesis of the neutralization type, and barium oxide as the base component and titanium oxide as the sisal component of the mixture are activated. In order to determine the changes that occur due to the mechanical activation of the starting materials, barium oxide and titanium oxide were ground in a stoichiometric ratio for 440 minutes. The analysis determined that a mechanochemical synthesis had taken place and that barium titanate with a degree of synthesis of 0.99 had been obtained. This was confirmed using X-ray structural analysis, which monitored the state of the activated material as a function of the time of activation.