Smartphone-based 3D facial scanning applications in orthodontic diagnosis: A cross-sectional study

Innovations in smartphone technology have transformed diagnostics in healthcare. In orthodontics, these applications can serve as potential diagnostic tools. The present study analyzed the accuracy of two smartphone-based face scanners compared to a standard CBCT-based facial scanner and evaluated scanning duration, user experience, and preferences for orthodontic diagnostics. This cross-sectional study included 15 individuals aged 18-25 years. Each participant was scanned with a CBCT-based scanner (group 1), SureScan 3D App (group 2), and QLone App (group 3). Accuracy was assessed by superimposing scans using MeshLab and Geomagic Control X software. Scanning duration was recorded. Additionally, 30 orthodontists completed a questionnaire to evaluate user experience with face scans. ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis tests compared the accuracy and scanning duration, respectively, while the Mann-Whitney U test was used to assess region-based reproducibility. P≤0.05 was considered significant. Smartphone-based apps showed overall accuracy comparable to the conventional scanner (P=0.765). SureScan 3D had the lowest mean error (1.53±0.24 mm). In region-based superimposition, the cheeks and forehead had high reproducibility, followed by the nose with moderate and the perioral area with poor reproducibility. Significant differences in scanning duration were observed (P=0.001), with SureScan 3D having the shortest scanning time (52.80±4.17 seconds) and 93.3% of orthodontists viewed facial scans as a substitute for photographs, though 53.3% still preferred photographs. Smartphone face scanning applications offer accuracy comparable to standard scanners with reduced scanning times. They provide a cost-efficient and reliable alternative to traditional scanners for orthodontic documentation.