Environmental Impact Of Agricultural Practices: Microbial Indicators And Bio-Remediation Potentials

Modern agricultural practices, while enhancing food production, have significantly altered the environment, primarily through excessive use of fertilizers, pesticides, and unsustainable land management techniques. These alterations negatively impact soil health, water quality, and ecosystem stability. Microbial communities, being sensitive to environmental changes, serve as effective bioindicators for assessing the ecological impact of agricultural activities. Additionally, their inherent metabolic versatility positions them as potent agents for bioremediation. This review explores the environmental consequences of contemporary agricultural methods, emphasizing the role of microbial indicators in ecological monitoring and the potential of microbial-based bioremediation techniques. The review further highlights advancements in metagenomics, microbial ecology, and biotechnological applications aimed at restoring environmental balance and promoting sustainable agriculture.