Ocular manifestations of atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome: a case report

Atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS) is a rare but serious condition that is often associated with renal impairment and thrombotic microangiopathy. This case report presents the case of a 20-year-old female with a long-standing diagnosis of aHUS who developed hypertensive choroidopathy, a rare ocular manifestation. The patient presented with sudden-onset hypertension and visual disturbances, with a blood pressure of 270/120 mmHg. Ophthalmological examination revealed bilateral papilledema, Elschnig spots, and Siegrist streaks, indicative of hypertensive choroidopathy. Imaging studies, including fundus photography, fluorescein angiography, and optical coherence tomography (OCT), confirmed retinal findings and optic disc edema. This case emphasizes the critical need for early detection and regular ophthalmological monitoring in aHUS patients, as ocular changes, such as hypertensive choroidopathy, can be early indicators of systemic complications. Early intervention, including blood pressure management, is essential for preventing irreversible damage to vision. This report underscores the importance of an integrated multidisciplinary approach to managing aHUS, especially considering the systemic nature of the disease and its potential ocular implications.