Healthier gut, stronger kids: harnessing prebiotics for childhood obesity-a narrative review

Childhood obesity has become a significant global public health concern. The prevalence of obesity among children is rising, with over 390 million affected worldwide, including 160 million living with obesity. Obesity in childhood increases both immediate and long-term risks for various non-communicable diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). In recent years, attention has turned to the role of gut microbiota in obesity management. Prebiotics influence gut microbiota by selectively fermenting and modulating microbial activity, particularly through carbohydrates like oligosaccharides and fibers. This fermentation produces short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) like acetate, propionate, and butyrate, which support gut health, reduce inflammation, and promote beneficial bacteria like Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus. Clinical Studies suggest that prebiotics may reduce adiposity, improve metabolic makers, enhance satiety and reduce calorie intake. This review aims to provide an overview of the current evidence on the effectiveness of prebiotics in obesity management among children.