Zeolite synthesis from coal gangue: a response surface methodology approach for optimal conditions

The formation process of zeolites is influenced by multiple factors, and the traditional single-variable approach lacks sufficient explanatory power in elucidating the principles governing crystal synthesis. In this study, the response surface methodology (RSM) is employed to optimize the synthesis conditions for zeolites derived from secondary coal gangue utilization. Based on the four-factor modeling approach, a six-stage experimental design was established to investigate the effects of both individual factors and multi-factor interactions on the response value. Binary multiple regression equations were developed as the core mathematical model for process regulation. Using this model, high-crystallinity X-type zeolites conforming to industrial standards were successfully synthesized from coal gangue. Furthermore, the adsorption properties of the synthesized zeolites for heavy metal contaminants in water were systematically investigated.