Impact of Pediculosis on Iron Deficiency and Anemia: A Public ‎Health Perspective

Pediculosis capitis (head lice infestation) is a common parasite in children and is associated with a number of health risks, including some anaemias. The focus of this study was to determine the relationship between pediculosis capitis (head lice infestation) and anaemia in children in Babylon Province, Hilla City, Iraq. Fifty (50) whole blood samples were tested from children with pediculosis detected by eyeglasses and compared to blood samples from 10 healthy controls. Samples were obtained using standard venipuncture and analysed by complete blood count (CBC). No children under 4 or over 12 years of age were studied. The cohort consisted of children aged 4 -12 years, with 86% being female children and 14% male children. Findings reported that 22% of female patients were anaemic and the mean haemoglobin levels were below the normal reference range, 12.5–13.5 g/dL. Four percent of male children were anaemic. All children in the control group were reported to have normal haemoglobin levels. This study showed that pediculosis (head lice infestation) and anaemia were associated, especially in girls between 4 – 12 years of age. Further studies are warranted to clarify the aetiology and identify preventive and treatment implications necessary for children.