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The study aims to investigate the association between active pediculosis and changes in scalp fungal colonization and diversity.

Scalp Mycobiota Alterations Associated with Pediculosis: A Case–Control Study

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The study aims to investigate the association between active pediculosis and changes in scalp fungal colonization and diversity.
Conducted a case-control study from April to July 2025 in Nineveh, Iraq, with 100 female children: 50 with pediculosis and 50 controls.
Cultured scalp swabs on Sabouraud dextrose agar and identified fungal isolates using morphology, PCR, and Sanger sequencing.
Compared rates of fungal growth and diversity between infested and non-infested groups.
Fungal growth was significantly lower in patients with pediculosis (34.0%) compared to controls (78.0%; χ² = 19.64, p < 0.001).
Patients had an 85% lower likelihood of fungal growth (OR = 0.15, 95% CI: 0.06–0.35) compared to controls.
Fungal diversity was substantially reduced in infested children, with Neoscytalidium hyalinum exclusively found in patients.

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Case-control study finds altered scalp fungal diversity in children with pediculosis, indicating potential environmental changes.

Ismael et al. (2026) studied this question.

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