Synergistic Effects of Betula platyphylla and Dictamnus dasycarpus Formulation on T-Cell Regulation and Atopic Dermatitis Treatment

Background: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease involving T cell activation and elevated IgE levels. Betula platyphylla (BP) and Dictamnus dasycarpus (DD) are traditional medicinal herbs with known anti-inflammatory properties. However, their combined effect on T cell regulation in AD has not been fully explored. Aims and Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the synergistic immunomodulatory effects of a BP and DD formulation (BPDD) on T cell activity and its therapeutic potential in treating AD. Materials and Methods: Jurkat T cells were pretreated with BPDD and stimulated using CD3/CD28 antibodies or SEE-pulsed Raji B cells. IL-2 production and CD69 expression were measured. Western blotting assessed NF-κB (p65) translocation and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway activation. An AD mouse model was induced using HDM and DNCB. BPDD was orally administered (50–200 mg/kg), and outcomes were evaluated by measuring ear thickness, histopathology, mast cell infiltration, serum IgE, and cytokine expression. Results: BPDD showed no cytotoxicity and significantly reduced IL-2 and CD69 expression in T cells. It inhibited p65 nuclear translocation and phosphorylation of JNK and p38 MAPK. In vivo, BPDD alleviated AD symptoms by reducing skin inflammation, IgE levels, and inflammatory cytokines. It also normalized lymph node size, indicating systemic immune regulation. Conclusion: BPDD effectively suppresses T cell-mediated inflammation via NF-κB and MAPK pathways. It shows promise as a safe and effective herbal therapeutic for managing atopic dermatitis.