The Effect of Poverty, Literacy, Urbanisation and Number of Institutions Affiliated to the Ministry of Health on the Number of Suicides: A Panel Data Analysis on Türki̇ye

This study examines the influence of socioeconomic and demographic factors on suicide rates across Türkiye's NUTS-2 regions from 2015 to 2023. Utilizing panel data analysis, we assess how poverty rates, literacy levels, urbanization, and the number of health institutions impact suicide incidences. Findings indicate that higher poverty correlates with increased suicide rates, highlighting the mental health challenges posed by economic hardship. In contrast, elevated literacy rates are linked to lower suicide rates, suggesting education enhances coping mechanisms and resource access. Urbanization presents a dual effect: while urban areas offer better healthcare access, they may also foster social isolation and stress, potentially raising suicide risks. Additionally, a greater number of health institutions correspond to reduced suicide rates, underscoring the importance of accessible mental health services. These insights are crucial for policymakers and public health officials. Strategies such as reducing economic disparities, investing in education, managing urban development thoughtfully, and expanding healthcare infrastructure are vital in mitigating suicide rates. By focusing on these factors, more effective, targeted suicide prevention approaches can be developed, enhancing mental health outcomes across Türkiye.