Improving inteligent reflective surface efficiency using ENG-metamaterials and L-shaped patch antennas in a dynamic radio environment

This research focuses on the development of a microstrip patch antenna (Ant8) for integration with Intelligent Reflective Surfaces (IRS), aiming to enhance wireless communication systems, especially in dynamic RF environments. The main problem addressed is the limited bandwidth and directional control in current compact antennas for IRS-assisted systems. To solve this, a novel dual-band antenna was proposed and optimized, incorporating vertical VIAs and Minkowski fractal slots to expand bandwidth and achieve circular polarization. Numerical simulations and experimental measurements confirmed stable operation in the 2.22–2.36 GHz and 2.88–3.81 GHz bands, with enhanced signal gain (up to 6.2 dBi), improved return loss, and narrow directional patterns. These results are explained by the antenna’s unique structural features: vertical VIAs induce a lower resonance, while fractal slots increase current path length without enlarging physical dimensions, enhancing bandwidth. Key distinguishing features – dual-band response, circular polarization, and compact design – allowed effective IRS integration, enabling dynamic beam steering and interference mitigation through phase control. The results are especially effective in multipath and shadowed environments, where signal reliability is critical. Practical applications include telemedicine (ensuring high-speed and stable data transfer), smart buildings (enhancing coverage and reducing interference), and autonomous transportation (reliable vehicle-infrastructure links). The antenna – IRS system is well-suited for mobile platforms, urban deployments, and IoT networks within emerging 5G and 6G infrastructures.