Microwave Ablation Combined With Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy and Immunotherapy in Resectable Stage IIB–IIIB Non‐Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Single‐Center Retrospective Study

Background Chemotherapy combined with immunotherapy has emerged as a pivotal neoadjuvant strategy for resectable locally advanced non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, several problems urge to be resolved, including suboptimal pathologic complete response(pCR)/major pathologic response (MPR). Microwave ablation (MWA) exerts direct tumoricidal effects through thermal coagulation while releasing tumor‐associated antigens to remodel the local immune microenvironment. In patients with advanced NSCLC, MWA combined with chemotherapy or immunotherapy has shown prolonged overall survival (OS). Methods This study investigated the neoadjuvant therapeutic strategy combining MWA with chemotherapy and immunotherapy for optimizing neoadjuvant treatment strategies of stage IIB–IIIB NSCLC. We evaluated the pCR, MPR, R0 resection rate, and incidence of grade ≥ 3 adverse events in patients following surgical resection, aiming to improve surgical outcomes and survival. Results This study confirmed the safety and feasibility of a neoadjuvant therapeutic strategy combining MWA with chemotherapy and immunotherapy in patients with NSCLC. The study was a single‐center retrospective analysis ( n = 8), demonstrating a pCR rate of 50%, an MPR rate of 62.5%, an R0 resection rate of 100%, with no increase in grade ≥ 3 adverse events. Conclusions In this retrospective analysis, the neoadjuvant therapeutic strategy combining MWA with chemotherapy and immunotherapy preliminarily demonstrates safety and feasibility in resectable stage IIB–IIIB NSCLC, while showing potential to improve pCR and MPR rates. Furthermore, the integration of MWA may propose a novel treatment approach for optimizing neoadjuvant therapy. Prospective multicenter clinical trials are required to further validate the safety and feasibility, as well as its impact on long‐term survival benefits.