Nanobiotechnology has revolutionized drug delivery systems by enabling precise, controlled, and targeted therapeutic interventions that significantly enhance treatment efficacy while minimizing systemic toxicity. This review comprehensively examines current trends in nanocarrier design, including liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, dendrimers, quantum dots, and carbon nanotubes and their applications in overcoming biological barriers and improving drug bioavailability. Emphasis is placed on smart, stimuli-responsive delivery platforms and multifunctional nanomedicines that combine therapy with real-time imaging for theranostics. The article also addresses critical challenges such as nanoparticle toxicity, manufacturing scalability, and regulatory hurdles that impede clinical translation. Looking forward, emerging technologies like nanorobotics, artificial intelligence integration, and sustainable manufacturing promise to drive the next generation of personalized, precision nanomedicine. Interdisciplinary collaboration will be essential to unlock the full clinical potential of nanobiotechnology, ultimately transforming global healthcare outcomes.
Alebachew Molla (Wed,) studied this question.