A Study of Spider Diversity and Habitat Distribution in Rajnandgaon Block, Chhattisgarh, India

This study investigates the diversity and habitat of spiders in Rajnandgaon Block, Chhattisgarh, India, as well as their ecological roles. The research utilized random sampling and spiders were obtained through hand collection, sweep nets, pitfall traps, litter sifting, and beating techniques. Specimens were fixed in ethanol and identified morphologically based on taxonomic keys. Biodiversity was examined using Shannon-Wiener, Simpson's Index, and evenness of species. A total of 25 spider species from 20 genera, 9 families, and the order Araneae were recorded across urban, forest, and agricultural habitats. Salticidae (jumping spiders) constituted a major part of the recorded species. Some common species include Marpissa obtusa, Menemerus bivittatus, and Plexippus paykulli. The study recorded that tropical forest ecosystems harbored tarantulas (Grammostola pulchra and Grammostola rosea), whereas lynx spiders (Peucetia viridans and Oxyopes salticus) thrived in forest and shrubland. Habitat diversity played a significant role in supporting spider species as they prefer microhabitats such as tree trunks, rocks, and shaded areas. The contribution of spiders toward ecological services also focuses on pest control. The findings suggest that seasonal variations impact species distribution, which aligns with earlier studies on spider diversity in India. This study highlights the necessity of conservation to preserve spider habitats and maintain their ecological functions. Further research should include seasonal patterns, microhabitat preferences, and pest control functions of spiders.