Agrivoltaic Solutions as an Example for Promoting Cost-Effective and Profitable Farming through Renewable Energy in Libya

The purpose of this study is to assess the potential of both solar and wind energy in Az-Zāwīyah, Libya, to optimize the resource use, ensure energy security, and lower the costs in the agriculture sector. The main findings show that wind energy's potential is limited; however, the area has strong Solar Radiation (SR), making it highly suitable for Photovoltaic (PV) systems. Additionally, the feasibility of integrating an agrivoltaic system into greenhouse farming is explored. The results indicate that the proposed agrivoltaic system could generate significant energy, especially during spring and summer, with outputs of 31.6 MWh and 31.1 MWh, respectively, and high-capacity factors of 21.05% and 20.72%. The Simple Payback Period (SPP) is approximately 7 years, and the average Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE) is 7.02 cents/kWh, demonstrating the system's economic viability. Implementing renewable energy through agrivoltaic substantially reduces the electricity costs for the greenhouse operations, increasing profitability. To achieve system profitability, the electricity price should be around $0.065/kWh. The key conclusion is that the agrivoltaic systems can potentially enhance the energy efficiency and maximize the profits in Libyan greenhouse farming. Ultimately, this research aims to show farmers the advantages of using renewable energy in agriculture. The study emphasizes how solar energy can be integrated to foster sustainable farming practices. It is proposed that educational seminars and workshops be organized to provide farmers with the necessary information to adopt these renewable technologies and ensure their long-term sustainability.