Perceptions and Attitudes Toward Telepsychiatry Among Patients and Psychiatrists: A Mixed-Methods Study in Saudi Arabia

Telepsychiatry, a branch of telemedicine, has gained prominence in Saudi Arabia as a means of improving access to mental health services. However, comprehensive insights into the perspectives of both patients and providers remain limited. This study aimed to explore the perceptions and attitudes of patients and psychiatrists toward telepsychiatry in Saudi Arabia, focusing on its benefits, challenges, and implications for future practice. A mixed-methods design was used, combining quantitative surveys (n = 352 patients) and qualitative interviews (n = 27 psychiatrists). Statistical analysis included analysis of variance (ANOVA) and t-tests to examine demographic differences, while thematic analysis was applied to interview transcripts. Patients reported high agreement with telepsychiatry's benefits (M = 4.17) and general attitudes (M = 4.26), especially regarding convenience and privacy. Age significantly influenced attitudes (P < 0.0001) and perceived challenges (P < 0.0001), with younger participants being more favorable. Gender differences were also significant for attitudes (P = 0.0016) and challenges (P = 0.0271). Education level affected technology use and access (P < 0.0001). Psychiatrists viewed telepsychiatry as effective for stable cases but expressed concerns over diagnostic accuracy, technical reliability, and confidentiality. Telepsychiatry is well-received by both patients and providers in Saudi Arabia, especially for non-acute care. To optimize adoption, targeted training, infrastructure investment, and culturally adapted platforms are essential for sustainable integration into hybrid mental healthcare models.